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''Singulari Nos'' (subtitled ''On The Errors Of Lammenais'') was an encyclical issued on June 25, 1834 by Pope Gregory XVI. Essentially a follow-up to the better-known ''Mirari Vos'' of 1832, ''Singulari Nos'' focused strongly on the views of French priest Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais, who did not see any contradiction between Catholicism and then-modern ideals of liberalism and the separation of Church and State. ==Background== In October 1830 Lamennais, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire, and Charles Forbes René de Montalembert founded the newspaper, ''L'Avenir'', which advocated an enlarged suffrage, separation of church and state, universal freedom of conscience, instruction, assembly, and the press, views were opposed by the French bishops. Despite being warned by Archbishop Quelen of Paris that their expectations were unrealistic, they sought support from Pope Gregory XVI.〔(Chadwick, Owen. "Gregory XVI", ''A History of the Popes, 1830-1914'', Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 9780199262861 )〕 Although pressured by the French government and the French hierarchy, Pope Gregory XVI would have preferred not to make an official issue of the matter.〔(Bernard, Cook. "Lamennais, Hugues-Felicité Robert de (1782-1854)", ''Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions'', (James Chastain, ed.), Ohio University, 2005 )〕 John Henry Newman described the situation in Rome at that time: The French Revolution in July, 1830, had been followed in no long time by insurrection within the papal territories; Austria intervened to reduce the revolting cities; and France took possession of Ancona to keep Austria in check. These events placed the Sovereign Pontiff between two opposite dangers; his fears from France are intelligible enough; Austria, on the other hand, had always been supposed to covet the portion of the pontifical states on the north of the Apennines; and the suspicion had been so strong in Rome, in 1821, that the government had not allowed the Austrian forces to pass through the city on their way to Naples. Whilst then the Pope was in this unpleasant dilemma, Russia, according to M. de la Mennais, stepped in and offered her aid. She alleged that she could not possibly have any interested views as regards the Italian peninsula, either revolutionary or ambitious, and she offered to place a force at the Pope's disposal to defend him against all emergencies. In return she did but ask, that the Pope would take the part of the Autocrat against Poland, and instruct the Polish Roman bishops accordingly. The offer was accepted on the specified condition.〔(Newman, John Henry. "Fall of de la Mennais", ''British Critic'', October 1837 )〕 Newman noted, "Nothing can be more discordant, less capable of a common measure, than a question of abstract religious truth, and a question of practice and matter of fact, in relation to the measures to be pursued by one secular power towards another; as discordant was the position of the Pope with that of the conductors of the Avenir."〔 Circulation of Lamannais's later account (1837) of his trip to Rome, ''Affaires de Rome'', was prohibited in Prussia.〔("Abbé de la Mennais", ''The New-York Review'', Vol. 2, (Lambert Lilly, Coleb Sprague Henry, Joseph Green Cogswell, eds.), George Dearborn & Co., 1838 )〕 In August 1832 Gregory issued the encyclical ''Mirari vos''. General in scope, it upheld clerical celibacy, and raised concerns over too close alliances between the clergy and government. It denounced those who advocated divorce, and secret societies that sought overturn the legitimate governments of the Italian states〔(Gregory XVI, ''Mirari vos'', Rome, August 15, 1832 )〕 It also denounced the views of Lemannais without specifically naming him. The encyclical satisfied neither Lamennais's supporters nor detractors.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Singulari Nos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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